Web APIs

FastAPI is based on standard Python type hints. Declare path, query, and body parameters as typed function arguments, and it validates them and serves interactive docs at /docs. As the app grows, split it into modules with APIRouter, a "mini FastAPI".

Django Ninja was heavily inspired by FastAPI and integrates with Django's core and ORM. You declare parameter and body types once, as function arguments, and the interactive docs show up at /api/docs. For a bigger project, create an api.py with a Router in each Django app.

Django REST framework splits an API into serializers for the representation, viewsets for the behavior, and routers for the URLs. Viewsets get you running quickly and keep URLs consistent across a large API, while plain views are more explicit. For OpenAPI schemas, its docs recommend drf-spectacular.

APIFlask has you use APIFlask instead of Flask, then declare request and response schemas with @app.input and @app.output. flask-smorest organizes resources as MethodView classes in blueprints, with marshmallow schemas on Blueprint.arguments and Blueprint.response. Flask-RESTX splits your app into reusable namespaces, much like blueprints, and describes them for Swagger through decorators.

Strawberry builds on dataclasses and type hints, and FastAPI's docs recommend it for GraphQL. Before going to production, disable GraphiQL and introspection, and turn on Strawberry's security extensions that limit query depth, aliases, and tokens.

Strawberry Django creates GraphQL types from your Django models. Add its DjangoOptimizerExtension, which calls select_related() and prefetch_related() for you to avoid N+1 queries.

Connexion flips the usual order: you write the OpenAPI spec first, then the code, and Connexion validates requests against the spec. Each operationId in the spec names the Python function that handles it. Start new projects on AsyncApp, or on FlaskApp to use the Flask ecosystem.

gRPC lets you define a service once in a .proto file and generate clients and servers in any language it supports. For asyncio code, gRPC has grpc.aio.